I padani sono una razza meno intelligente di altre razze?

[brunik]

Le statistiche lo dimostrano: i padani e i neri non hanno mai vinto un torneo di scacchi che è uno.

Poichè, come tutti sanno, gli scacchi sono un gioco di intelligenza, qualche pollista ha rilevato che le razze che non vincono a scacchi sono inferiori alle altre. Che ne pensate ?

[demian]

1 opzione....

sai come si imbestialiscono quando leggono a cosa li abbiamo paragonati?....

[patatrac (POL)]

Ho votato si, intendendo per "padano" solo uno che è seguace di Bossi e della lega. E' ovvio che i "padani" come etnia a sè non esistono. I seguaci di Bossi sono solo uno scherzo della storia...

[Dragonball (POL)]

Originally posted by patatrac
E' ovvio che i "padani" come etnia a sè non esistono.

FEATURE ARTICLE
Confounded:Widespread screening for hereditary hemochromatosis faces obstacles

By Maimon M. Cohen, PhD

Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a common genetic disorder, especially among northern Europeans; one in 300 Britons are affected by HH.

The condition results from massive iron deposits in various organs. If untreated, HH leads to liver disease (cirrhosis), diabetes, cardiac disease, skin discoloration and decreased life span.

Although transferrin saturation, a non-molecular assay, is a commonly accepted screening test for HH, molecular approaches - such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - for the detection of mutations in the HFE gene which cause HH are coming into use.

For years, many public health experts and others have considered HH to be an ideal candidate disorder for widespread population molecular screening efforts. HH occurs at a relatively high frequency in a specified target population (Caucasians). It has a simple, cost-effective detection methodology and a successful treatment modality. These factors combine to make HH appear to be a good choice for wide-ranging screening.

However, reality is not that simple. Several factors have complicated attempts to implement a hemochromatosis screening program. (Many of these factors were discussed in the Summer issue of the journal, Genetic Testing, which was devoted entirely to widespread screening for hemochromatosis.)

For one, additional mutations and polymorphisms, which may affect the expression of disease-related alleles, can cause complications in the diagnosis of HH.

Approximately 20 alterations in the HFE gene, which may or may not be associated with disease, have been observed in either individual families or only in a few patients.

Although the C282Y mutation in the HFE gene is the most common cause of disease among members of northern European communities with a possible Celtic origin, a survey of 40 populations demonstrates a distinct north-south gradient of decreasing frequency across the continent.

It is estimated that the C282Y mutation first appeared 60 to 70 generations, or up to 800 years, ago. Another disease-associated mutation, H63D, believed to have evolved earlier than C282Y, has a more general distribution centered around the Mediterranean basin. These two mutations account for the molecular defect in more than nine in ten patients.

Patterns of emigration during the last 500 years have introduced both mutations into North America, New Zealand and South Africa in a predictable fashion.

Reinforcing this distribution pattern is a low frequency of the C282Y mutation among 1300 recently examined Italian newborns.This suggests that widespread screening in Italy would not be cost effective, but that instead, it might be useful in northern Italy with its Celt-derived populations.

Because mutation frequencies may differ considerably among the different components of a population of mixed national, racial, and ethnic composition,screening efficiency may be compromised.

Such approaches must be considered prior to instituting screening efforts in as diverse a population as exists in the US.

In addition to confounding technical issues, there are also ethical, legal and social implications of hemochromatosis screening, including the potential for genetic discrimination against carriers with regard to health, life and disability insurance, employment and blood donation.

Unresolved concerns surrounding HH population screening needing rapid clarification include:

reduced penetrance and variable expressivity of the HFE mutations,
genotype correlation with disease manifestation,
the growing multiracial, multiethnic composition of the US population,
who to screen and when,
how to test (biochemical vs. molecular approaches), and
a careful and detailed cost-benefit analysis of a population based program.
Answers to these open questions should be found through experimental pilot and demonstration projects prior to the design and implementation of a national hemochromatosis screening undertaking.

The Summer issue of the journal, Genetic Testing, is devoted entirely to the subject of hereditary hemochromatosis. Listed below are citations of and links to selected abstracts.

Lucotte G, Mercier G. Celtic origin of the C282Y mutation of hemochromatosis. 2000 Genet Test 4 (2):163-9. Medline abstract

Merryweather-Clarke AT, Pointon JJ, Jouanolle AM, Rochette J, Robson KJ. Geography of HFE C282Y and H63D mutations. 2000 Genet Test 4(2):183-98. Medline abstract

Restagno G, Gomez AM, Sbaiz L, De Gobbi M, Roetto A, Bertino E, Fabris C, Fiorucci GC, Fortina P, Camaschella C. A pilot C282Y hemochromatosis screening in Italian newborns by TaqMan technology. 2000 Genet Test 4(2):177-81. Medline abstract

Barash CI. Genetic discrimination and screening for hemochromatosis: then and now. 2000 Genet Test 4 (2):213-8. Medline abstract

Cohen MM, GeneLetter 1(9), October 2000.

Maimon M. Cohen, PhD

Dr. Cohen is Director of the Harvey Institute for Human Genetics, Director of the Cytogenetics laboratory of the Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Clinical Professor of Pediatrics at the University of Maryland School of Medicine and an expert in genetic testing


All material on this website is protected by copyright.
Copyright © 1999 - 2001 by GeneSage Inc.
All rights reserved. This website also contains material
copyrighted by third parties.


Ma va!
Sara' un'altra ricerca "ovviamente" finanziata dalla Lega.Daltronde si sa che i Celti non sono mai esistiti.

[brunik]

A riprova del senso di inferiorità culturale che trasmettono i padani all'interlocutore normale, leggiamo insieme le dichiarazioni del padano che viene riconosciuto dai suoi simili come "capobranco".

Noterete come il padano fatichi ad esprimere frasi di senso compiuto, pur denotando una intelligenza che rispetto ad altre specie della famiglia dei primati può senz'altro definirsi superiore. Infatti il padano è l'unico (oltre ovviamente all'homo sapiens) che sia in grado di seguire i mondiali di calcio.

<CENTER><FONT face="Courier new, Arial"><FONT size=5><B>VAFFANGOL – BOSSI NEL PALLONE: “IL CALCIO E’ UNO SPORT POPOLARE, NON E’ COME IL BASKET CHE BISOGNA ESSERE MOLTO ALTI DI STATURA…”</B></FONT><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR></FONT></CENTER><FONT face="Courier new, Arial"><B><I>Luca Bottura per l’Unità</I></B> <BR><BR><BR>Una parola di chiarezza. In mezzo alle polemiche, <B>Bruno</B> <B>Vespa</B> ha invitato il ministro per le riforme istituzionali <B>Umberto</B> <B>Bossi</B> a “Porta a porta mondiale” per ricevere dalle istituzioni un’interpretazione definitiva di quanto accaduto in Corea. Quella che segue è la trascrizione originale del colloquio telefonico, andato in onda due sere fa su Raiuno: il miglior documento di come si possa servire il Paese senza fare giornalismo aggressivo. <BR><BR><B>Vespa</B>: “Aspettate, scusate: c’è una telefonata. Pronto?”. <BR><B>Bossi</B>: “Pronto!”. <BR><B>Vespa</B> “Onorevole <B>Bossi</B>, buonasera (risata di <B>Vespa</B>, timido applauso)”. <BR><B>Vespa</B> “Allora, abbiamo appena avuto l’onorevole Mastella, l’onorevole Larussa, l’onorevole Sgarbi… Lei ha visto la partita?”. <BR><B>Bossi</B>: “Sì, ho visto la partita. Sono un po’ (incomprensibile) e ho tempo per guardare la partita”. <BR><B>Vespa</B>: “Ecco…”. <BR><B>Bossi</B>:”Pronto?”. <BR><B>Vespa</B>:”Sì pronto. Posso chiederle se ha fatto, anche se non giocava la nazionale padana, se ha fatto un forte tifo (agitando vigorosamente l’avambraccio) per la nazionale di Trapattoni?”. <BR><BR><B>Bossi</B> (ignorando la domanda): “Mah, ho visto che (incomprensibile)… ho avuto un’impressione abbastanza sgradevole. Una specie… l’impressione che fosse un po’ indirizzata. E quindi… ma non è la prima partita che mi fa pensare a certe cose. Un po’ come… un’occasione troppo ghiotta questi campionati del mondo per non cercare penso di mandare messaggi… per i vertici… diciamo… della globalizzazione… (ravvivandosi) Come le Olimpiadi, insomma… un meccanismo con lo stesso spirito come ogni film di Hollywood… un po’ così… comunque… ci si accorgeva che mandavano messaggi… d’altra parte il pallone è rotondo come il mondo (la regia stacca su Ricky Tognazzi e Novella Calligaris, basiti) diciamo… lo può rappresentare… in qualche modo… ed è più che altro… il calcio come sport è sicuramente tra… sport popolare tra i più adatti… (<B>Vespa</B> si porta la mano alla bocca, sorridendo) a far partecipare tutti i popoli comunque anche ad alto livello, ai massimi livelli, cioè non è come il basket per esempio, dove occorre essere molto alti di statura, eccetera… (Cesare Lanza apre la bocca sconcertato). Quindi io… ho così l’impressione che per vendere le scarpe… insomma… ci sarà una squadra per continente che potrebbe essere, così, una piccola sensazione… (uscendo dal tono ipnotico) Lo dicevo ieri sera a Berlusconi, dicevo: mah, non sembra un po’ indirizzato tutto questo? Oh, è una sensazione, poi magari non c’entra niente…”. <BR><BR><B>Vespa</B>: “E lui? E lui che…?”. <BR><B>Bossi</B>: “E’ una strategia… (ride)”. <BR><B>Vespa</B>: “E Berlusconi?”. <BR><B>Bossi</B>: (finendo il discorso di prima): “… la sensazione è un po’ quella”. <BR><B>Vespa</B>: “E Berlusconi cos’ha risposto?”. <BR><B>Bossi</B>: “Eh, ci ha pensato su un attimo, poi effettivamente…”. <BR><B>Vespa</B>: “Quindi lei vede…”. <BR><B>Bossi</B>: “… la situazione è un po’ così, diciamo, è un po’… troppi gol annullati… probabilmente vorranno… (ravvivandosi) soprattutto questa mattina l’impressione sgradevole è che… quando… s’è visto che ha perso il Giappone ho detto: mah, impossibile che non lasciano dentro una squadra asiatica… in un tempo come il nostro di messaggi globali… c’è… magari è dietrologia, la mia, però la sensazione… non voglio dire… ma insomma è un po’ indirizzato il risultato (<B>Vespa</B> si morde la lingua per non ridere, Mazzocchi si gira verso Galeazzi sconcertato)… chiaro, se l’Italia segnava tre gol, cosa che…”. <BR><B>Vespa</B>: “Quindi per dire…”. <BR><B>Bossi</B>: “… non ce n’era più per nessuno”. <BR><B>Vespa</B>: “Ecco, quindi per dirla in una parola la sua sensazione è che ci sia stato un complotto”. <BR><B>Bossi</B>: “Beh, adesso… diciamo: una visione illuminata come molte volte avviene in certe grandi manifestazioni. Olimpiadi comprese”. <BR><B>Vespa</B>: (trattiene a stento le risate): “Bene, la ringrazio onorevole <B>Bossi</B> per questa interpretazione che ci lascia pieni di dubbi”. <BR>Tutto vero. </FONT>

[Dragonball (POL)]

Ridi,ridi Brunik..vedrai quando scompariranno i padani come si sentira' la differenza...

[MrBojangles]

Originally posted by Dragonball



FEATURE ARTICLE
Confounded:Widespread screening for hereditary hemochromatosis faces obstacles

By Maimon M. Cohen, PhD

Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a common genetic disorder, especially among northern Europeans; one in 300 Britons are affected by HH.

The condition results from massive iron deposits in various organs. If untreated, HH leads to liver disease (cirrhosis), diabetes, cardiac disease, skin discoloration and decreased life span.

Although transferrin saturation, a non-molecular assay, is a commonly accepted screening test for HH, molecular approaches - such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - for the detection of mutations in the HFE gene which cause HH are coming into use.

For years, many public health experts and others have considered HH to be an ideal candidate disorder for widespread population molecular screening efforts. HH occurs at a relatively high frequency in a specified target population (Caucasians). It has a simple, cost-effective detection methodology and a successful treatment modality. These factors combine to make HH appear to be a good choice for wide-ranging screening.

However, reality is not that simple. Several factors have complicated attempts to implement a hemochromatosis screening program. (Many of these factors were discussed in the Summer issue of the journal, Genetic Testing, which was devoted entirely to widespread screening for hemochromatosis.)

For one, additional mutations and polymorphisms, which may affect the expression of disease-related alleles, can cause complications in the diagnosis of HH.

Approximately 20 alterations in the HFE gene, which may or may not be associated with disease, have been observed in either individual families or only in a few patients.

Although the C282Y mutation in the HFE gene is the most common cause of disease among members of northern European communities with a possible Celtic origin, a survey of 40 populations demonstrates a distinct north-south gradient of decreasing frequency across the continent.

It is estimated that the C282Y mutation first appeared 60 to 70 generations, or up to 800 years, ago. Another disease-associated mutation, H63D, believed to have evolved earlier than C282Y, has a more general distribution centered around the Mediterranean basin. These two mutations account for the molecular defect in more than nine in ten patients.

Patterns of emigration during the last 500 years have introduced both mutations into North America, New Zealand and South Africa in a predictable fashion.

Reinforcing this distribution pattern is a low frequency of the C282Y mutation among 1300 recently examined Italian newborns.This suggests that widespread screening in Italy would not be cost effective, but that instead, it might be useful in northern Italy with its Celt-derived populations.

Because mutation frequencies may differ considerably among the different components of a population of mixed national, racial, and ethnic composition,screening efficiency may be compromised.

Such approaches must be considered prior to instituting screening efforts in as diverse a population as exists in the US.

In addition to confounding technical issues, there are also ethical, legal and social implications of hemochromatosis screening, including the potential for genetic discrimination against carriers with regard to health, life and disability insurance, employment and blood donation.

Unresolved concerns surrounding HH population screening needing rapid clarification include:

reduced penetrance and variable expressivity of the HFE mutations,
genotype correlation with disease manifestation,
the growing multiracial, multiethnic composition of the US population,
who to screen and when,
how to test (biochemical vs. molecular approaches), and
a careful and detailed cost-benefit analysis of a population based program.
Answers to these open questions should be found through experimental pilot and demonstration projects prior to the design and implementation of a national hemochromatosis screening undertaking.

The Summer issue of the journal, Genetic Testing, is devoted entirely to the subject of hereditary hemochromatosis. Listed below are citations of and links to selected abstracts.

Lucotte G, Mercier G. Celtic origin of the C282Y mutation of hemochromatosis. 2000 Genet Test 4 (2):163-9. Medline abstract

Merryweather-Clarke AT, Pointon JJ, Jouanolle AM, Rochette J, Robson KJ. Geography of HFE C282Y and H63D mutations. 2000 Genet Test 4(2):183-98. Medline abstract

Restagno G, Gomez AM, Sbaiz L, De Gobbi M, Roetto A, Bertino E, Fabris C, Fiorucci GC, Fortina P, Camaschella C. A pilot C282Y hemochromatosis screening in Italian newborns by TaqMan technology. 2000 Genet Test 4(2):177-81. Medline abstract

Barash CI. Genetic discrimination and screening for hemochromatosis: then and now. 2000 Genet Test 4 (2):213-8. Medline abstract

Cohen MM, GeneLetter 1(9), October 2000.

Maimon M. Cohen, PhD

Dr. Cohen is Director of the Harvey Institute for Human Genetics, Director of the Cytogenetics laboratory of the Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Clinical Professor of Pediatrics at the University of Maryland School of Medicine and an expert in genetic testing


All material on this website is protected by copyright.
Copyright © 1999 - 2001 by GeneSage Inc.
All rights reserved. This website also contains material
copyrighted by third parties.


Ma va!
Sara' un'altra ricerca "ovviamente" finanziata dalla Lega.Daltronde si sa che i Celti non sono mai esistiti.

Borghezio e un Celto??

[FLenzi]

Originally posted by Dragonball
Ridi,ridi Brunik..vedrai quando scompariranno i padani come si sentira' la differenza...

Chi sono i Padani?????????????????????? Abitanti della Padania????? Ma dov'e' situata la Padania?, queste scuole comuniste non insegnano proprio niente, pensate io dopo 18 anni di scuola non so dove sia la Padania!!!!!!!!!!!!! W la riforma Moratti, con quella cima come ministro tutti sapranno dove si trova la Padania e sapranno anche ch Mussolini era in realta' un comunista travestito.

[hussita]

Originally posted by Dragonball



FEATURE ARTICLE
Confounded:Widespread screening for hereditary hemochromatosis faces obstacles

By Maimon M. Cohen, PhD

Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a common genetic disorder, especially among northern Europeans; one in 300 Britons are affected by HH.

The condition results from massive iron deposits in various organs. If untreated, HH leads to liver disease (cirrhosis), diabetes, cardiac disease, skin discoloration and decreased life span.

Although transferrin saturation, a non-molecular assay, is a commonly accepted screening test for HH, molecular approaches - such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - for the detection of mutations in the HFE gene which cause HH are coming into use.

For years, many public health experts and others have considered HH to be an ideal candidate disorder for widespread population molecular screening efforts. HH occurs at a relatively high frequency in a specified target population (Caucasians). It has a simple, cost-effective detection methodology and a successful treatment modality. These factors combine to make HH appear to be a good choice for wide-ranging screening.

However, reality is not that simple. Several factors have complicated attempts to implement a hemochromatosis screening program. (Many of these factors were discussed in the Summer issue of the journal, Genetic Testing, which was devoted entirely to widespread screening for hemochromatosis.)

For one, additional mutations and polymorphisms, which may affect the expression of disease-related alleles, can cause complications in the diagnosis of HH.

Approximately 20 alterations in the HFE gene, which may or may not be associated with disease, have been observed in either individual families or only in a few patients.

Although the C282Y mutation in the HFE gene is the most common cause of disease among members of northern European communities with a possible Celtic origin, a survey of 40 populations demonstrates a distinct north-south gradient of decreasing frequency across the continent.

It is estimated that the C282Y mutation first appeared 60 to 70 generations, or up to 800 years, ago. Another disease-associated mutation, H63D, believed to have evolved earlier than C282Y, has a more general distribution centered around the Mediterranean basin. These two mutations account for the molecular defect in more than nine in ten patients.

Patterns of emigration during the last 500 years have introduced both mutations into North America, New Zealand and South Africa in a predictable fashion.

Reinforcing this distribution pattern is a low frequency of the C282Y mutation among 1300 recently examined Italian newborns.This suggests that widespread screening in Italy would not be cost effective, but that instead, it might be useful in northern Italy with its Celt-derived populations.

Because mutation frequencies may differ considerably among the different components of a population of mixed national, racial, and ethnic composition,screening efficiency may be compromised.

Such approaches must be considered prior to instituting screening efforts in as diverse a population as exists in the US.

In addition to confounding technical issues, there are also ethical, legal and social implications of hemochromatosis screening, including the potential for genetic discrimination against carriers with regard to health, life and disability insurance, employment and blood donation.

Unresolved concerns surrounding HH population screening needing rapid clarification include:

reduced penetrance and variable expressivity of the HFE mutations,
genotype correlation with disease manifestation,
the growing multiracial, multiethnic composition of the US population,
who to screen and when,
how to test (biochemical vs. molecular approaches), and
a careful and detailed cost-benefit analysis of a population based program.
Answers to these open questions should be found through experimental pilot and demonstration projects prior to the design and implementation of a national hemochromatosis screening undertaking.

The Summer issue of the journal, Genetic Testing, is devoted entirely to the subject of hereditary hemochromatosis. Listed below are citations of and links to selected abstracts.

Lucotte G, Mercier G. Celtic origin of the C282Y mutation of hemochromatosis. 2000 Genet Test 4 (2):163-9. Medline abstract

Merryweather-Clarke AT, Pointon JJ, Jouanolle AM, Rochette J, Robson KJ. Geography of HFE C282Y and H63D mutations. 2000 Genet Test 4(2):183-98. Medline abstract

Restagno G, Gomez AM, Sbaiz L, De Gobbi M, Roetto A, Bertino E, Fabris C, Fiorucci GC, Fortina P, Camaschella C. A pilot C282Y hemochromatosis screening in Italian newborns by TaqMan technology. 2000 Genet Test 4(2):177-81. Medline abstract

Barash CI. Genetic discrimination and screening for hemochromatosis: then and now. 2000 Genet Test 4 (2):213-8. Medline abstract

Cohen MM, GeneLetter 1(9), October 2000.

Maimon M. Cohen, PhD

Dr. Cohen is Director of the Harvey Institute for Human Genetics, Director of the Cytogenetics laboratory of the Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Clinical Professor of Pediatrics at the University of Maryland School of Medicine and an expert in genetic testing


All material on this website is protected by copyright.
Copyright © 1999 - 2001 by GeneSage Inc.
All rights reserved. This website also contains material
copyrighted by third parties.


Ma va!
Sara' un'altra ricerca "ovviamente" finanziata dalla Lega.Daltronde si sa che i Celti non sono mai esistiti.

Io ho una particolarità nelle impronte digitali ( segno ulnare) presente nella maggioranza della popolazione scandinava e nell'1% di quella italiana
vengo dall'ager gallicus

ma ho votato l'opzione 4...

[PINOCCHIO (POL)]

potrebbe essere.
non so esistano ricerche scientifiche che dimostrino che il QI dei padani è mediamente inferiore a quelle di altri gruppi umani.
Potrebbe essere vero anche il contrario ma...idem come sopra.

Sicuramente esistono le differenzie razziali. non siamo tutti uguali.

saluti padani